See tuff on Wiktionary
{
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"args": {
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"2": "fr",
"3": "tuffe,tuf"
},
"expansion": "French tuffe, tuf",
"name": "bor"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "it",
"3": "tufo"
},
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"name": "der"
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{
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"1": "en",
"2": "la",
"3": "tōfus"
},
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},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "tufa"
},
"expansion": "Doublet of tufa",
"name": "doublet"
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],
"etymology_text": "From French tuffe, tuf, from Italian tufo, from Latin tōfus. Doublet of tufa.",
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{
"form": "tuffs",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
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"name": "Rocks",
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"derived": [
{
"word": "calc-tuff"
},
{
"word": "tuffaceous"
},
{
"word": "tuff breccia"
},
{
"word": "tuffite"
},
{
"word": "tufflava"
}
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"ref": "2004, Richard Fortey, The Earth, Folio Society, published 2011, page 9n:",
"text": "This is what makes an ignimbrite; the general term for this kind of volcaniclastic rock is ‘tuff’.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A light porous rock, now especially a rock composed of compacted volcanic ash varying in size from fine sand to coarse gravel."
],
"id": "en-tuff-en-noun-EYlp5Dii",
"links": [
[
"geology",
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],
[
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"porous"
],
[
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"raw_glosses": [
"(geology) A light porous rock, now especially a rock composed of compacted volcanic ash varying in size from fine sand to coarse gravel."
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "tufa"
}
],
"tags": [
"countable",
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],
"topics": [
"geography",
"geology",
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],
"translations": [
{
"code": "hy",
"lang": "Armenian",
"lang_code": "hy",
"roman": "tuf",
"sense": "rock consolidated from volcanic ash",
"word": "տուֆ"
},
{
"code": "eu",
"lang": "Basque",
"lang_code": "eu",
"sense": "rock consolidated from volcanic ash",
"word": "toba"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"lang_code": "bg",
"roman": "tuf",
"sense": "rock consolidated from volcanic ash",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "туф"
},
{
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"lang_code": "ca",
"sense": "rock consolidated from volcanic ash",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "tuf"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"lang_code": "cmn",
"roman": "nínghuīyán",
"sense": "rock consolidated from volcanic ash",
"word": "凝灰岩"
},
{
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"lang_code": "cs",
"sense": "rock consolidated from volcanic ash",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "tuf"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"lang_code": "nl",
"sense": "rock consolidated from volcanic ash",
"word": "tufsteen"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"lang_code": "fi",
"sense": "rock consolidated from volcanic ash",
"word": "tuffi"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"lang_code": "fr",
"sense": "rock consolidated from volcanic ash",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "tuf volcanique"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"lang_code": "fr",
"sense": "rock consolidated from volcanic ash",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "tuf"
},
{
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"lang_code": "gl",
"sense": "rock consolidated from volcanic ash",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "tufo"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"lang_code": "de",
"sense": "rock consolidated from volcanic ash",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "Tuff"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"lang_code": "de",
"sense": "rock consolidated from volcanic ash",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "Tuffstein"
},
{
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"lang_code": "el",
"roman": "tóffos",
"sense": "rock consolidated from volcanic ash",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "τόφφος"
},
{
"code": "grc",
"lang": "Ancient Greek",
"lang_code": "grc",
"roman": "pôros",
"sense": "rock consolidated from volcanic ash",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "πῶρος"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"lang_code": "hu",
"sense": "rock consolidated from volcanic ash",
"word": "tufa"
},
{
"code": "is",
"lang": "Icelandic",
"lang_code": "is",
"sense": "rock consolidated from volcanic ash",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "móberg"
},
{
"code": "ga",
"lang": "Irish",
"lang_code": "ga",
"sense": "rock consolidated from volcanic ash",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "tuf"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"lang_code": "it",
"sense": "rock consolidated from volcanic ash",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "tufo"
},
{
"alt": "ぎょうかいがん",
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"lang_code": "ja",
"roman": "gyōkaigan",
"sense": "rock consolidated from volcanic ash",
"word": "凝灰岩"
},
{
"code": "jv",
"lang": "Javanese",
"lang_code": "jv",
"roman": "watu putih",
"sense": "rock consolidated from volcanic ash",
"word": "ꦮꦠꦸꦥꦸꦠꦶꦃ"
},
{
"alt": "凝灰岩",
"code": "ko",
"lang": "Korean",
"lang_code": "ko",
"roman": "eunghoeam",
"sense": "rock consolidated from volcanic ash",
"word": "응회암"
},
{
"code": "nv",
"lang": "Navajo",
"lang_code": "nv",
"sense": "rock consolidated from volcanic ash",
"word": "dleesh (rhyolitic tuff)"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"lang_code": "pl",
"sense": "rock consolidated from volcanic ash",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "tuf wulkaniczny"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"lang_code": "pt",
"sense": "rock consolidated from volcanic ash",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "tofo"
},
{
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"lang_code": "ro",
"sense": "rock consolidated from volcanic ash",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "tuf"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"lang_code": "ru",
"roman": "vulkaníčeskij tuf",
"sense": "rock consolidated from volcanic ash",
"word": "вулкани́ческий туф"
},
{
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"lang_code": "sh",
"sense": "rock consolidated from volcanic ash",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "sedra"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"lang_code": "es",
"sense": "rock consolidated from volcanic ash",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "toba"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"lang_code": "es",
"sense": "rock consolidated from volcanic ash",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "tufo"
},
{
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"lang_code": "sv",
"sense": "rock consolidated from volcanic ash",
"word": "tuff"
},
{
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"lang_code": "tr",
"sense": "rock consolidated from volcanic ash",
"word": "tüf"
},
{
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"lang_code": "uk",
"roman": "vulkaničnyj tuf",
"sense": "rock consolidated from volcanic ash",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "вулканічний туф"
},
{
"code": "vi",
"lang": "Vietnamese",
"lang_code": "vi",
"sense": "rock consolidated from volcanic ash",
"word": "đá túp"
},
{
"code": "cy",
"lang": "Welsh",
"lang_code": "cy",
"sense": "rock consolidated from volcanic ash",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "twff"
}
]
}
],
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{
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{
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"form": "tuffer",
"tags": [
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]
},
{
"form": "more tuff",
"tags": [
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},
{
"form": "tuffest",
"tags": [
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{
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"ref": "1980, Joy Wilt Berry, Ernie Hergenroeder, Tuff Stuff: A Children's Book about Trauma, Educational Products Division, Word, Inc., →ISBN:",
"text": "Tuff Stuff teaches that while life may go smoothly most of the time, ...",
"type": "quotation"
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"ref": "2000, Margaret Cavendish, “Preface to the Reader (1655)”, in Sylvia Bowerbank, Sara Mendelson, editors, Paper Bodies, →ISBN, page 139:",
"text": "… yet never to make us so strong as the strongest of Men, whose Sinnews are tuffer, and Bones stronger, and Joints closer, and Flesh firmer, than ours are …",
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"ref": "2003, Ronald Carter, The Routledge Guide to Modern EnglishWriting, Routledge, →ISBN, page 96:",
"text": "It was rave reviewed in the Caribbean Times as 'the ruffest, tuffest and the boo-yacka of all modern gangster novels'.",
"type": "quotation"
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{
"bold_text_offsets": [
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0,
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],
"ref": "2006, Paige Hemmis, The Tuff Chix Guide to Easy Home Improvement, Penguin, →ISBN, page 36:",
"text": "TUFF METER",
"type": "quotation"
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98,
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],
"ref": "2010 January 20, Robert J. Elisberg, “CES 2020 -- Ohm on the Range”, in Huffington Post, retrieved 14 Sep 2012:",
"text": "Its Tuff-n-Tiny USB flash drive is about the size of a thumbnail. … The company insists that the \"tuff\" part of the name is well-earned for being waterproof, dustproof and you can drive a car over it.",
"type": "quotation"
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"ref": "2011, Kristian Pope, Tuff Stuff Professional Wrestling Field Guide: Legend and Lore, Krause Publications, →ISBN:",
"text": "Tuff Stuff Professional Wrestling",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
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],
"id": "en-tuff-en-adj-BJlAWQ9L",
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"(now often ironic) Eye dialect spelling of tough."
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"pronunciation-spelling"
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},
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
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"bold_text_offsets": [
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20
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],
"text": "bro thinks he's tuff",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Impressive, amazing, awesome, cool."
],
"id": "en-tuff-en-adj-UEw5fk5j",
"links": [
[
"Internet",
"Internet"
],
[
"Impressive",
"impressive"
],
[
"amazing",
"amazing"
],
[
"awesome",
"awesome"
],
[
"cool",
"cool"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(Internet slang) Impressive, amazing, awesome, cool."
],
"tags": [
"Internet"
]
}
],
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{
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},
{
"args": {
"1": "1774"
},
"expansion": "First attested in 1774",
"name": "etydate"
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],
"etymology_text": "Borrowed from Italian tufo. First attested in 1774.",
"forms": [
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"form": "no-table-tags",
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{
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},
{
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{
"form": "tuffer",
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},
{
"form": "tuffers",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"indefinite",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "tufferna",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"definite",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "tuffernas",
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}
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"lang": "Swedish",
"lang_code": "sv",
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{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "sv",
"name": "Petrology",
"orig": "sv:Petrology",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "6 17 77",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Swedish entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"tuff"
],
"id": "en-tuff-sv-noun-zij5HZuF",
"links": [
[
"petrology",
"petrology"
],
[
"tuff",
"tuff#English"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(petrology) tuff"
],
"tags": [
"common-gender"
],
"topics": [
"geography",
"geology",
"natural-sciences",
"petrology"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/tɵf/"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ɵf"
}
],
"word": "tuff"
}
{
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "tuffing"
}
],
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sv",
"2": "en tuff kille på en tuff motorcykel"
},
"expansion": "en tuff kille på en tuff motorcykel",
"name": "lang"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sv",
"2": "en",
"3": "tough"
},
"expansion": "Borrowed from English tough",
"name": "bor+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "1923"
},
"expansion": "First attested in 1923",
"name": "etydate"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Borrowed from English tough. First attested in 1923.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "tuffare",
"tags": [
"comparative"
]
},
{
"form": "tuffast",
"tags": [
"superlative"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "sv-adj-reg",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "tuff",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"indefinite",
"positive"
]
},
{
"form": "tuffare",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"comparative",
"error-unrecognized-form",
"indefinite"
]
},
{
"form": "tuffast",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"indefinite",
"superlative"
]
},
{
"form": "tufft",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"indefinite",
"neuter",
"positive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "tuffare",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"comparative",
"indefinite",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "tuffast",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"indefinite",
"neuter",
"singular",
"superlative"
]
},
{
"form": "tuffa",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"indefinite",
"plural",
"positive"
]
},
{
"form": "tuffare",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"comparative",
"indefinite",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "tuffast",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"indefinite",
"plural",
"superlative"
]
},
{
"form": "tuffe",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"archaic",
"indefinite",
"masculine",
"plural",
"positive"
]
},
{
"form": "tuffare",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"archaic",
"comparative",
"indefinite",
"masculine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "tuffast",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"archaic",
"indefinite",
"masculine",
"plural",
"superlative"
]
},
{
"form": "tuffe",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"definite",
"masculine",
"positive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "tuffare",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"comparative",
"definite",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "tuffaste",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"definite",
"masculine",
"singular",
"superlative"
]
},
{
"form": "tuffa",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"definite",
"error-unrecognized-form",
"positive"
]
},
{
"form": "tuffare",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"comparative",
"definite",
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "tuffaste",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"definite",
"error-unrecognized-form",
"superlative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sv",
"2": "adjective",
"3": "",
"4": "",
"5": "comparative",
"6": "tuffare",
"7": "superlative",
"8": "tuffast",
"9": "",
"f2accel-form": "comparative",
"f3accel-form": "superlative",
"head": "",
"sort": ""
},
"expansion": "tuff (comparative tuffare, superlative tuffast)",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "tuff (comparative tuffare, superlative tuffast)",
"name": "sv-adj"
}
],
"lang": "Swedish",
"lang_code": "sv",
"pos": "adj",
"related": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "ball"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "cool"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "häftig"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
3,
7
]
],
"bold_translation_offsets": [
[
2,
7
]
],
"english": "a tough task",
"text": "en tuff uppgift",
"translation": "a tough task",
"type": "example"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
3,
7
]
],
"bold_translation_offsets": [
[
2,
7
]
],
"english": "a tough day",
"text": "en tuff dag",
"translation": "a tough day",
"type": "example"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
0,
5
]
],
"bold_translation_offsets": [
[
0,
5
]
],
"english": "tough negotiations",
"text": "tuffa förhandlingar",
"translation": "tough negotiations",
"type": "example"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
4,
9
]
],
"bold_translation_offsets": [
[
2,
7
]
],
"english": "a tough decision",
"text": "ett tufft beslut",
"translation": "a tough decision",
"type": "example"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
6,
10
]
],
"bold_translation_offsets": [
[
4,
9
]
],
"english": "act tough",
"text": "spela tuff",
"translation": "act tough",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"tough"
],
"id": "en-tuff-sv-adj-3t4eAAQH",
"links": [
[
"tough",
"tough"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(somewhat colloquial) tough"
],
"tags": [
"colloquial"
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
5,
10
]
],
"bold_translation_offsets": [
[
14,
17
]
],
"english": "pull off some rad tricks on the board",
"text": "göra tuffa tricks på brädan",
"translation": "pull off some rad tricks on the board",
"type": "example"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
7,
11
]
],
"bold_translation_offsets": [
[
7,
11
]
],
"english": "What a cool motorcycle!",
"text": "Vilken tuff motorcykel!",
"translation": "What a cool motorcycle!",
"type": "example"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
52,
57
]
],
"bold_translation_offsets": [
[
59,
63
]
],
"english": "If you're going to be in a street gang, you need to have a cool nickname",
"text": "Om man ska vara med i ett gatugäng måste man ha ett tufft smeknamn",
"translation": "If you're going to be in a street gang, you need to have a cool nickname",
"type": "example"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
8,
12
],
[
36,
40
],
[
69,
73
],
[
83,
87
],
[
111,
115
],
[
136,
140
]
],
"bold_translation_offsets": [
[
10,
16
],
[
72,
78
],
[
108,
114
],
[
126,
132
],
[
157,
163
],
[
184,
190
]
],
"english": "Generally badass. Jocke, he [redundant in Swedish as well] is generally badass, and Krille, he is generally badass. Generally badass. Danne, he is generally badass, and I am generally badass.",
"ref": "1995, De Lyckliga Kompisarna, “Allmänt tuff [Generally Badass]”, in Sagoland [Fairy Tale Land]:",
"text": "Allmänt tuff. Jocke, han är allmänt tuff, och Krille, han är allmänt tuff. Allmänt tuff. Danne, han är allmänt tuff, och jag är allmänt tuff.",
"translation": "Generally badass. Jocke, he [redundant in Swedish as well] is generally badass, and Krille, he is generally badass. Generally badass. Danne, he is generally badass, and I am generally badass.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"cool; badass (see usage notes)"
],
"id": "en-tuff-sv-adj-UevWoXDz",
"links": [
[
"cool",
"cool"
],
[
"badass",
"badass"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(colloquial) cool; badass (see usage notes)"
],
"tags": [
"colloquial"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/tɵf/"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ɵf"
}
],
"word": "tuff"
}
{
"categories": [
"English adjectives",
"English countable nouns",
"English doublets",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English eye dialect",
"English lemmas",
"English nouns",
"English terms borrowed from French",
"English terms derived from French",
"English terms derived from Italian",
"English terms derived from Latin",
"English terms with homophones",
"English uncountable nouns",
"Entries with translation boxes",
"Pages with 2 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Rhymes:English/ʌf",
"Rhymes:English/ʌf/1 syllable",
"Terms with Ancient Greek translations",
"Terms with Armenian translations",
"Terms with Basque translations",
"Terms with Bulgarian translations",
"Terms with Catalan translations",
"Terms with Czech translations",
"Terms with Dutch translations",
"Terms with Finnish translations",
"Terms with French translations",
"Terms with Galician translations",
"Terms with German translations",
"Terms with Greek translations",
"Terms with Hungarian translations",
"Terms with Icelandic translations",
"Terms with Irish translations",
"Terms with Italian translations",
"Terms with Japanese translations",
"Terms with Javanese translations",
"Terms with Korean translations",
"Terms with Mandarin translations",
"Terms with Navajo translations",
"Terms with Portuguese translations",
"Terms with Romanian translations",
"Terms with Russian translations",
"Terms with Serbo-Croatian translations",
"Terms with Spanish translations",
"Terms with Swedish translations",
"Terms with Turkish translations",
"Terms with Ukrainian translations",
"Terms with Vietnamese translations",
"Terms with Welsh translations"
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "calc-tuff"
},
{
"word": "tuffaceous"
},
{
"word": "tuff breccia"
},
{
"word": "tuffite"
},
{
"word": "tufflava"
}
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "",
"name": "wp"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "fr",
"3": "tuffe,tuf"
},
"expansion": "French tuffe, tuf",
"name": "bor"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "it",
"3": "tufo"
},
"expansion": "Italian tufo",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "la",
"3": "tōfus"
},
"expansion": "Latin tōfus",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "tufa"
},
"expansion": "Doublet of tufa",
"name": "doublet"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From French tuffe, tuf, from Italian tufo, from Latin tōfus. Doublet of tufa.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "tuffs",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "~"
},
"expansion": "tuff (countable and uncountable, plural tuffs)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"English terms with quotations",
"Quotation templates to be cleaned",
"en:Rocks"
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
92,
96
]
],
"ref": "2004, Richard Fortey, The Earth, Folio Society, published 2011, page 9n:",
"text": "This is what makes an ignimbrite; the general term for this kind of volcaniclastic rock is ‘tuff’.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A light porous rock, now especially a rock composed of compacted volcanic ash varying in size from fine sand to coarse gravel."
],
"links": [
[
"geology",
"geology"
],
[
"porous",
"porous"
],
[
"volcanic",
"volcanic"
],
[
"gravel",
"gravel"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(geology) A light porous rock, now especially a rock composed of compacted volcanic ash varying in size from fine sand to coarse gravel."
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "tufa"
}
],
"tags": [
"countable",
"uncountable"
],
"topics": [
"geography",
"geology",
"natural-sciences"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/tʌf/"
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-tuff.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/0/0c/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-tuff.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-tuff.wav.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/0/0c/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-tuff.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-tuff.wav.ogg"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ʌf"
},
{
"homophone": "tough"
},
{
"homophone": "Tuff"
}
],
"translations": [
{
"code": "hy",
"lang": "Armenian",
"lang_code": "hy",
"roman": "tuf",
"sense": "rock consolidated from volcanic ash",
"word": "տուֆ"
},
{
"code": "eu",
"lang": "Basque",
"lang_code": "eu",
"sense": "rock consolidated from volcanic ash",
"word": "toba"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"lang_code": "bg",
"roman": "tuf",
"sense": "rock consolidated from volcanic ash",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "туф"
},
{
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"lang_code": "ca",
"sense": "rock consolidated from volcanic ash",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "tuf"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"lang_code": "cmn",
"roman": "nínghuīyán",
"sense": "rock consolidated from volcanic ash",
"word": "凝灰岩"
},
{
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"lang_code": "cs",
"sense": "rock consolidated from volcanic ash",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "tuf"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"lang_code": "nl",
"sense": "rock consolidated from volcanic ash",
"word": "tufsteen"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"lang_code": "fi",
"sense": "rock consolidated from volcanic ash",
"word": "tuffi"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"lang_code": "fr",
"sense": "rock consolidated from volcanic ash",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "tuf volcanique"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"lang_code": "fr",
"sense": "rock consolidated from volcanic ash",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "tuf"
},
{
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"lang_code": "gl",
"sense": "rock consolidated from volcanic ash",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "tufo"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"lang_code": "de",
"sense": "rock consolidated from volcanic ash",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "Tuff"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"lang_code": "de",
"sense": "rock consolidated from volcanic ash",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "Tuffstein"
},
{
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"lang_code": "el",
"roman": "tóffos",
"sense": "rock consolidated from volcanic ash",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "τόφφος"
},
{
"code": "grc",
"lang": "Ancient Greek",
"lang_code": "grc",
"roman": "pôros",
"sense": "rock consolidated from volcanic ash",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "πῶρος"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"lang_code": "hu",
"sense": "rock consolidated from volcanic ash",
"word": "tufa"
},
{
"code": "is",
"lang": "Icelandic",
"lang_code": "is",
"sense": "rock consolidated from volcanic ash",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "móberg"
},
{
"code": "ga",
"lang": "Irish",
"lang_code": "ga",
"sense": "rock consolidated from volcanic ash",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "tuf"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"lang_code": "it",
"sense": "rock consolidated from volcanic ash",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "tufo"
},
{
"alt": "ぎょうかいがん",
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"lang_code": "ja",
"roman": "gyōkaigan",
"sense": "rock consolidated from volcanic ash",
"word": "凝灰岩"
},
{
"code": "jv",
"lang": "Javanese",
"lang_code": "jv",
"roman": "watu putih",
"sense": "rock consolidated from volcanic ash",
"word": "ꦮꦠꦸꦥꦸꦠꦶꦃ"
},
{
"alt": "凝灰岩",
"code": "ko",
"lang": "Korean",
"lang_code": "ko",
"roman": "eunghoeam",
"sense": "rock consolidated from volcanic ash",
"word": "응회암"
},
{
"code": "nv",
"lang": "Navajo",
"lang_code": "nv",
"sense": "rock consolidated from volcanic ash",
"word": "dleesh (rhyolitic tuff)"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"lang_code": "pl",
"sense": "rock consolidated from volcanic ash",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "tuf wulkaniczny"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"lang_code": "pt",
"sense": "rock consolidated from volcanic ash",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "tofo"
},
{
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"lang_code": "ro",
"sense": "rock consolidated from volcanic ash",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "tuf"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"lang_code": "ru",
"roman": "vulkaníčeskij tuf",
"sense": "rock consolidated from volcanic ash",
"word": "вулкани́ческий туф"
},
{
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"lang_code": "sh",
"sense": "rock consolidated from volcanic ash",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "sedra"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"lang_code": "es",
"sense": "rock consolidated from volcanic ash",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "toba"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"lang_code": "es",
"sense": "rock consolidated from volcanic ash",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "tufo"
},
{
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"lang_code": "sv",
"sense": "rock consolidated from volcanic ash",
"word": "tuff"
},
{
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"lang_code": "tr",
"sense": "rock consolidated from volcanic ash",
"word": "tüf"
},
{
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"lang_code": "uk",
"roman": "vulkaničnyj tuf",
"sense": "rock consolidated from volcanic ash",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "вулканічний туф"
},
{
"code": "vi",
"lang": "Vietnamese",
"lang_code": "vi",
"sense": "rock consolidated from volcanic ash",
"word": "đá túp"
},
{
"code": "cy",
"lang": "Welsh",
"lang_code": "cy",
"sense": "rock consolidated from volcanic ash",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "twff"
}
],
"word": "tuff"
}
{
"categories": [
"English adjectives",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English eye dialect",
"English lemmas",
"English terms with homophones",
"Pages with 2 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Rhymes:English/ʌf",
"Rhymes:English/ʌf/1 syllable"
],
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "tough"
},
"expansion": "Eye dialect of tough",
"name": "eye dialect"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Eye dialect of tough.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "tuffer",
"tags": [
"comparative"
]
},
{
"form": "more tuff",
"tags": [
"comparative"
]
},
{
"form": "tuffest",
"tags": [
"superlative"
]
},
{
"form": "most tuff",
"tags": [
"superlative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "er,more"
},
"expansion": "tuff (comparative tuffer or more tuff, superlative tuffest or most tuff)",
"name": "en-adj"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "adj",
"senses": [
{
"alt_of": [
{
"word": "tough"
}
],
"categories": [
"English eye dialect",
"English terms with quotations"
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
0,
4
]
],
"ref": "1980, Joy Wilt Berry, Ernie Hergenroeder, Tuff Stuff: A Children's Book about Trauma, Educational Products Division, Word, Inc., →ISBN:",
"text": "Tuff Stuff teaches that while life may go smoothly most of the time, ...",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
76,
82
]
],
"ref": "2000, Margaret Cavendish, “Preface to the Reader (1655)”, in Sylvia Bowerbank, Sara Mendelson, editors, Paper Bodies, →ISBN, page 139:",
"text": "… yet never to make us so strong as the strongest of Men, whose Sinnews are tuffer, and Bones stronger, and Joints closer, and Flesh firmer, than ours are …",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
61,
68
]
],
"ref": "2003, Ronald Carter, The Routledge Guide to Modern EnglishWriting, Routledge, →ISBN, page 96:",
"text": "It was rave reviewed in the Caribbean Times as 'the ruffest, tuffest and the boo-yacka of all modern gangster novels'.",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
0,
4
]
],
"ref": "2006, Paige Hemmis, The Tuff Chix Guide to Easy Home Improvement, Penguin, →ISBN, page 36:",
"text": "TUFF METER",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
4,
8
],
[
98,
102
]
],
"ref": "2010 January 20, Robert J. Elisberg, “CES 2020 -- Ohm on the Range”, in Huffington Post, retrieved 14 Sep 2012:",
"text": "Its Tuff-n-Tiny USB flash drive is about the size of a thumbnail. … The company insists that the \"tuff\" part of the name is well-earned for being waterproof, dustproof and you can drive a car over it.",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
0,
4
]
],
"ref": "2011, Kristian Pope, Tuff Stuff Professional Wrestling Field Guide: Legend and Lore, Krause Publications, →ISBN:",
"text": "Tuff Stuff Professional Wrestling",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Eye dialect spelling of tough."
],
"links": [
[
"ironic",
"irony"
],
[
"tough",
"tough#English"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(now often ironic) Eye dialect spelling of tough."
],
"tags": [
"alt-of",
"ironic",
"often",
"pronunciation-spelling"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English internet slang",
"English terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
16,
20
]
],
"text": "bro thinks he's tuff",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Impressive, amazing, awesome, cool."
],
"links": [
[
"Internet",
"Internet"
],
[
"Impressive",
"impressive"
],
[
"amazing",
"amazing"
],
[
"awesome",
"awesome"
],
[
"cool",
"cool"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(Internet slang) Impressive, amazing, awesome, cool."
],
"tags": [
"Internet"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/tʌf/"
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-tuff.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/0/0c/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-tuff.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-tuff.wav.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/0/0c/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-tuff.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-tuff.wav.ogg"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ʌf"
},
{
"homophone": "tough"
},
{
"homophone": "Tuff"
}
],
"word": "tuff"
}
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 2 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Rhymes:Swedish/ɵf",
"Rhymes:Swedish/ɵf/1 syllable",
"Swedish adjectives",
"Swedish common-gender nouns",
"Swedish entries with incorrect language header",
"Swedish lemmas",
"Swedish nouns",
"Swedish terms borrowed from English",
"Swedish terms borrowed from Italian",
"Swedish terms derived from English",
"Swedish terms derived from Italian"
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sv",
"2": "it",
"3": "tufo"
},
"expansion": "Borrowed from Italian tufo",
"name": "bor+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "1774"
},
"expansion": "First attested in 1774",
"name": "etydate"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Borrowed from Italian tufo. First attested in 1774.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "sv-infl-noun-c-er",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "tuff",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"indefinite",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "tuffs",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"indefinite",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "tuffen",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"definite",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "tuffens",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"definite",
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "tuffer",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"indefinite",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "tuffers",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"indefinite",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "tufferna",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"definite",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "tuffernas",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"definite",
"genitive",
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sv",
"2": "nouns",
"3": "",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"g": "c",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"g4": "",
"head": "",
"sort": ""
},
"expansion": "tuff c",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "c"
},
"expansion": "tuff c",
"name": "sv-noun"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"name": "sv-infl-noun-c-er"
}
],
"lang": "Swedish",
"lang_code": "sv",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"sv:Petrology"
],
"glosses": [
"tuff"
],
"links": [
[
"petrology",
"petrology"
],
[
"tuff",
"tuff#English"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(petrology) tuff"
],
"tags": [
"common-gender"
],
"topics": [
"geography",
"geology",
"natural-sciences",
"petrology"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/tɵf/"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ɵf"
}
],
"word": "tuff"
}
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 2 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Rhymes:Swedish/ɵf",
"Rhymes:Swedish/ɵf/1 syllable",
"Swedish adjectives",
"Swedish entries with incorrect language header",
"Swedish lemmas",
"Swedish terms borrowed from English",
"Swedish terms derived from English"
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "tuffing"
}
],
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sv",
"2": "en tuff kille på en tuff motorcykel"
},
"expansion": "en tuff kille på en tuff motorcykel",
"name": "lang"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sv",
"2": "en",
"3": "tough"
},
"expansion": "Borrowed from English tough",
"name": "bor+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "1923"
},
"expansion": "First attested in 1923",
"name": "etydate"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Borrowed from English tough. First attested in 1923.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "tuffare",
"tags": [
"comparative"
]
},
{
"form": "tuffast",
"tags": [
"superlative"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "sv-adj-reg",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "tuff",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"indefinite",
"positive"
]
},
{
"form": "tuffare",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"comparative",
"error-unrecognized-form",
"indefinite"
]
},
{
"form": "tuffast",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"indefinite",
"superlative"
]
},
{
"form": "tufft",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"indefinite",
"neuter",
"positive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "tuffare",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"comparative",
"indefinite",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "tuffast",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"indefinite",
"neuter",
"singular",
"superlative"
]
},
{
"form": "tuffa",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"indefinite",
"plural",
"positive"
]
},
{
"form": "tuffare",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"comparative",
"indefinite",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "tuffast",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"indefinite",
"plural",
"superlative"
]
},
{
"form": "tuffe",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"archaic",
"indefinite",
"masculine",
"plural",
"positive"
]
},
{
"form": "tuffare",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"archaic",
"comparative",
"indefinite",
"masculine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "tuffast",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"archaic",
"indefinite",
"masculine",
"plural",
"superlative"
]
},
{
"form": "tuffe",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"definite",
"masculine",
"positive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "tuffare",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"comparative",
"definite",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "tuffaste",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"definite",
"masculine",
"singular",
"superlative"
]
},
{
"form": "tuffa",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"definite",
"error-unrecognized-form",
"positive"
]
},
{
"form": "tuffare",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"comparative",
"definite",
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "tuffaste",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"definite",
"error-unrecognized-form",
"superlative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sv",
"2": "adjective",
"3": "",
"4": "",
"5": "comparative",
"6": "tuffare",
"7": "superlative",
"8": "tuffast",
"9": "",
"f2accel-form": "comparative",
"f3accel-form": "superlative",
"head": "",
"sort": ""
},
"expansion": "tuff (comparative tuffare, superlative tuffast)",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "tuff (comparative tuffare, superlative tuffast)",
"name": "sv-adj"
}
],
"lang": "Swedish",
"lang_code": "sv",
"pos": "adj",
"related": [
{
"word": "ball"
},
{
"word": "cool"
},
{
"word": "häftig"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Swedish colloquialisms",
"Swedish terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
3,
7
]
],
"bold_translation_offsets": [
[
2,
7
]
],
"english": "a tough task",
"text": "en tuff uppgift",
"translation": "a tough task",
"type": "example"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
3,
7
]
],
"bold_translation_offsets": [
[
2,
7
]
],
"english": "a tough day",
"text": "en tuff dag",
"translation": "a tough day",
"type": "example"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
0,
5
]
],
"bold_translation_offsets": [
[
0,
5
]
],
"english": "tough negotiations",
"text": "tuffa förhandlingar",
"translation": "tough negotiations",
"type": "example"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
4,
9
]
],
"bold_translation_offsets": [
[
2,
7
]
],
"english": "a tough decision",
"text": "ett tufft beslut",
"translation": "a tough decision",
"type": "example"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
6,
10
]
],
"bold_translation_offsets": [
[
4,
9
]
],
"english": "act tough",
"text": "spela tuff",
"translation": "act tough",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"tough"
],
"links": [
[
"tough",
"tough"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(somewhat colloquial) tough"
],
"tags": [
"colloquial"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Swedish colloquialisms",
"Swedish terms with quotations",
"Swedish terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
5,
10
]
],
"bold_translation_offsets": [
[
14,
17
]
],
"english": "pull off some rad tricks on the board",
"text": "göra tuffa tricks på brädan",
"translation": "pull off some rad tricks on the board",
"type": "example"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
7,
11
]
],
"bold_translation_offsets": [
[
7,
11
]
],
"english": "What a cool motorcycle!",
"text": "Vilken tuff motorcykel!",
"translation": "What a cool motorcycle!",
"type": "example"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
52,
57
]
],
"bold_translation_offsets": [
[
59,
63
]
],
"english": "If you're going to be in a street gang, you need to have a cool nickname",
"text": "Om man ska vara med i ett gatugäng måste man ha ett tufft smeknamn",
"translation": "If you're going to be in a street gang, you need to have a cool nickname",
"type": "example"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
8,
12
],
[
36,
40
],
[
69,
73
],
[
83,
87
],
[
111,
115
],
[
136,
140
]
],
"bold_translation_offsets": [
[
10,
16
],
[
72,
78
],
[
108,
114
],
[
126,
132
],
[
157,
163
],
[
184,
190
]
],
"english": "Generally badass. Jocke, he [redundant in Swedish as well] is generally badass, and Krille, he is generally badass. Generally badass. Danne, he is generally badass, and I am generally badass.",
"ref": "1995, De Lyckliga Kompisarna, “Allmänt tuff [Generally Badass]”, in Sagoland [Fairy Tale Land]:",
"text": "Allmänt tuff. Jocke, han är allmänt tuff, och Krille, han är allmänt tuff. Allmänt tuff. Danne, han är allmänt tuff, och jag är allmänt tuff.",
"translation": "Generally badass. Jocke, he [redundant in Swedish as well] is generally badass, and Krille, he is generally badass. Generally badass. Danne, he is generally badass, and I am generally badass.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"cool; badass (see usage notes)"
],
"links": [
[
"cool",
"cool"
],
[
"badass",
"badass"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(colloquial) cool; badass (see usage notes)"
],
"tags": [
"colloquial"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/tɵf/"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ɵf"
}
],
"word": "tuff"
}
Download raw JSONL data for tuff meaning in All languages combined (21.5kB)
{
"called_from": "inflection/735",
"msg": "inflection table: unrecognized header: 'common singular'",
"path": [
"tuff"
],
"section": "Swedish",
"subsection": "adjective",
"title": "tuff",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "inflection/735",
"msg": "inflection table: unrecognized header: 'all'",
"path": [
"tuff"
],
"section": "Swedish",
"subsection": "adjective",
"title": "tuff",
"trace": ""
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2026-03-25 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2026-03-03 using wiktextract (05c257f and 9d9a410). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.